Borinquen — Stories of Puerto Rico · YouTube

Episode Sources · Fuentes

Every episode of our YouTube channel is researched, fact-checked, and cited. This page lists the sources and the image credits for each episode. All narration is original. Episodes 1–8 use only Public Domain or Creative Commons archival images, credited one by one below; from Episode 9 on, each episode describes its visuals.

Episode 1 — Why Isn’t Puerto Rico a State?

Sources

Archival image credits

  • “Borinqueneers, only all-Hispanic unit in U. S. Army history” — U.S. Army photo · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “The dome of the United States Capitol building” — peakfocus.agency · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “United States Passport Book” — Tony Webster · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Puerto Rico From Above (ISS071-E-1036, astronaut photo by Michael Barratt)” — NASA / ISS Crew Earth Observations (astronaut Michael Barratt) · Public domain · source
  • “Photograph of the wreckage of the USS Maine, Havana Harbor, 1898 (used by the 1898 Court of Inquiry; NARA 301647)” — Unknown (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Puerto Rico's First Autonomous Cabinet, 1898 (Luis Muñoz Rivera seated at far left) — no >=900px solo portrait exists on Commons/LOC; crop in on him for a portrait framing” — Unknown (published in La Ilustración Española y Americana, May 30, 1898) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Portrait of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1899)” — Debas, Madrid · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “A Principal Business Street in San Juan, Porto Rico (1898 photograph)” — Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Charles Herbert Allen, Republican Congressman from Massachusetts, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front LCCN2008677762.jpg” — Chickering, Elmer, copyright claimant · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Profile portrait of General Nelson A. Miles (f4d5bff4-3eed-4ee0-9f35-8bafa4d5d3bf).jpg” — NPS photo · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “John Hay signs Treaty of Paris, 1899.JPG” — Frances Benjamin Johnston · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Puerto Rican soldiers of the 375th Regt. Inf. passing before the grand stand in the Liberty Day demonstration in Puerto Rico, Oct. 1918 (NARA 23922505)” — Unknown author or not provided (U.S. National Archives record) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “West Front - U.S. Supreme Court, Washington, D.C. (Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS DC,WASH,535-1; converted to JPEG from the full-resolution TIFF original)” — Historic American Buildings Survey (related name: Cass Gilbert) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Supreme Court of the United States - Taft Court - c.1921 (Library of Congress, LCCN2016857871)” — Harris & Ewing · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Woodrow Wilson (National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress, LCCN2016826120)” — National Photo Company Collection · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Puerto Rico celebrates new constitution.jpg” — Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Pedro Albizu Campos arrested.jpg” — Associated Press · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Luis Muñoz Marín.jpg” — Estrella Díaz · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Rexford Tugwell, 1935.jpg” — Los Angeles Times · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Blanton Winship.jpg” — Harris & Ewing Collection (Library of Congress) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Voting booths inside Combined Polling Place Zion Lutheran Church in Grand Rapids, Minnesota on Election Day” — Lorie Shaull from St Paul, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “US Capitol west side at dusk” — Martin Falbisoner · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Damaged homes (aerial view of a Puerto Rico neighborhood heavily damaged by Hurricane Maria)” — Sgt. Jose Ahiram Diaz-Ramos, Puerto Rico National Guard (via Air Force Magazine) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Hurricane Maria Makes Landfall in Puerto Rico (CIRA 2017-09-20)” — GOES imagery: CSU/CIRA & NOAA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “El Morro at sunset.jpg” — Ktorrespr · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “2024 Puerto Rican Day Parade, 5th Av between 77th and 78th St, 2024-06-09, Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York.jpg” — Deans Charbal · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Rainforest Canopy El Yunque National Forest.jpg” — EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Beach at Culebra Island, Puerto Rico.jpg” — Hmalaret · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Castillo San Felipe del Morro aerial, May 2024 - 01.jpg” — Nils Huenerfuerst · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source

Episode 2 — July 25, 1898 — The Nineteen Days

Sources

Archival image credits

  • “Bombardment of San Juan, Porto (sic) Rico LCCN2001695573.jpg” — Popular Graphic Arts · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “(View of Morro Castle from across harbor, San Juan, Puerto Rico).jpg” — Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Puerto Rico's First Autonomous Cabinet, 1898 (Luis Muñoz Rivera seated at far left) — no >=900px solo portrait exists on Commons/LOC; crop in on him for a portrait framing” — Unknown (published in La Ilustración Española y Americana, May 30, 1898) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Gloucester formerly J. P. Morgan's Corsair. Converted yacht. Port stern quarter, 05-24-1898 - NARA - 512926.jpg” — Unknown authorUnknown author or not provided · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Mapa 'Contornos de Ponce (Puerto Rico)' por Francisco Coello (1822-1898) (DP26).jpg” — Francisco Coello (1822-1898) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “The Fourteenth Ohio national guard-the Fourth Ohio volunteer infantry (1899) (14582021128).jpg” — Internet Archive Book Images · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Military Map, Island of Puerto Rico WDL11326.png” — Morey, W., Junior · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Spanish-American War soldiers, 1898-10 - DPLA - 28717c9048728797803235d96dab8845 (page 1).jpg” — Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Ramón Betances, c.1860s.jpg” — Félix Ojeda · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “John Hay signs Treaty of Paris, 1899.JPG” — Frances Benjamin Johnston · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source

Episode 3 — The Sea Vanished — 11 October 1918

Sources

Archival image credits

  • “Consistorio (town hall), Aguadilla” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “School held in tents after the disaster, Aguadilla” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “Crowd around the fallen church bells, Añasco” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “Calle Comercio, Añasco — street buried in rubble” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “Ruins of the town hall, Añasco” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “Calle Liceo, Mayagüez — collapsed masonry” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “Degetau Building, College of Agriculture, Mayagüez — burned out after the quake” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “A house adrift on open water after the wave, Mayagüez” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • ““Casa arrastrada por las olas” — house left standing in the water, Mayagüez” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “Church at Isabela, destroyed” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • ““El terremoto de esta mañana” — El Águila de Puerto Rico, 11 October 1918” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “The Sisters' school, Mayagüez, destroyed” — UPR Mayagüez Dept. of Geology / Puerto Rico Seismic Network, via NOAA/NCEI · Public domain (1918) · source
  • “Point Borinquen tower — timber shoring and banding over the blown-out brickwork” — Thomas Sampson, U.S. Bureau of Lighthouses, 9th District (NARA RG 26) · Public domain (US government work, 1918) · US National Archives · source
  • “Point Borinquen lightstation — the tower shored up with timber after the earthquake, photographed 2 November 1918” — Thomas Sampson, U.S. Bureau of Lighthouses, 9th District (NARA RG 26) · Public domain (US government work, 1918) · US National Archives · source
  • “Consistorio de Mayagüez — fallen masonry cornice (Fig. 4a)” — Reid & Taber, US Earthquake Investigation Commission (Library of Congress scan) · Public domain (US government work, 1919) · source
  • ““House floated off by wave at Mayagüez” (Fig. 6b)” — Reid & Taber, US Earthquake Investigation Commission (Library of Congress scan) · Public domain (US government work, 1919) · source
  • “Church at Isabela, days after the shock (Fig. 1)” — Reid & Taber, US Earthquake Investigation Commission · Public domain (US government work, 1919) · HathiTrust · source
  • “Church interior, Mayagüez — collapsed roof (Fig. 3)” — Reid & Taber, US Earthquake Investigation Commission · Public domain (US government work, 1919) · HathiTrust · source
  • “Escuela Presbiteriana, Mayagüez — cornice damage (Fig. 4b)” — Reid & Taber, US Earthquake Investigation Commission · Public domain (US government work, 1919) · HathiTrust · source
  • “Playa de Mayagüez — timber houses smashed by the wave (Fig. 6a)” — Reid & Taber, US Earthquake Investigation Commission (Library of Congress scan) · Public domain (US government work, 1919) · source
  • “College of Agriculture, Mayagüez — gutted by fire after the quake” — Cifuentes Fotógrafo, Mayagüez (real-photo postcard), Colección Puertorriqueña, UPR · Public domain (published in US territory, 1918) · University of Puerto Rico · source
  • “The Barcelona Bridge dropped into the river, Mayagüez” — Cifuentes Fotógrafo, Mayagüez (real-photo postcard), Colección Puertorriqueña, UPR · Public domain (published in US territory, 1918) · University of Puerto Rico · source
  • “La Habanera cigar factory, Mayagüez — collapsed, with workers outside” — Cifuentes Fotógrafo, Mayagüez (real-photo postcard), Colección Puertorriqueña, UPR · Public domain (published in US territory, 1918) · University of Puerto Rico · source
  • “La Mallorquina, Mayagüez — building torn open beside the church dome” — Cifuentes Fotógrafo, Mayagüez (real-photo postcard), Colección Puertorriqueña, UPR · Public domain (published in US territory, 1918) · University of Puerto Rico · source
  • “Post Office and American Colonial Bank, Mayagüez — upper floor sheared off” — Cifuentes Fotógrafo, Mayagüez (real-photo postcard), Colección Puertorriqueña, UPR · Public domain (published in US territory, 1918) · University of Puerto Rico · source
  • “Escuela de las “Sisters,” Calle Rosa, Mayagüez” — Cifuentes Fotógrafo, Mayagüez (real-photo postcard), Colección Puertorriqueña, UPR · Public domain (published in US territory, 1918) · University of Puerto Rico · source
  • “A Mayagüez block flattened to rubble, two men walking through it” — Cifuentes Fotógrafo, Mayagüez (real-photo postcard), Colección Puertorriqueña, UPR · Public domain (published in US territory, 1918) · University of Puerto Rico · source
  • “Mayagüez cathedral, bell knocked loose in the tower” — Arturo Cifuentes (postcard) · Public domain (US, published 1918) · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Mayagüez cathedral with its towers gone (later stage — after the 24 October aftershock)” — Thomas E. Phipps (postcard) · Public domain (US, published 1918) · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Correo y Casino, Mayagüez — gutted block after the earthquake” — Colección de Fotos del Periódico El Mundo, UPR Río Piedras · Public domain (US, published 1918) · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Hospital Municipal, Mayagüez — collapsed roof” — UPR · Public domain (US, published 1918) · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Damaged buildings and onlookers, Mayagüez” — Arturo Cifuentes (postcard) · Public domain (US, published 1918) · Wikimedia Commons · source

Episode 4 — La Operación — one in three

Sources

Archival image credits

  • “Baby asleep in hammock. The hammock saves space in a shack already overcrowded. Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Black milk. This baby is getting a mixture of coffee, sugar and water instead of milk, which is too expensive. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Farm boy along the road near Corozal, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Boy carrying sign advertising a movie program. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. Boy who was playing in the street” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Guanica, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Sugar worker who has been cutting cane in a burned out field” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Insular capitol. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. The church” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. Plaza and church” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. On the plaza in front of the church” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yauco, Puerto Rico. In a small cigar factory. These cigars are made for local consumption and sell for about two cents” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Rural arts exhibition held under the auspices of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) in the patio of the U.S. Department of Agriculture building. M” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “[Untitled]” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Coffee pickers near Corozal, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Coffee being dried in the hills. Coffee was original crop of Puerto Rico, is grown less and less. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Lajas, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Coffee laborers' company houses” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Corozal, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Mrs. Ecequiel Irene cooking "pastellas" during the tenant purchase celebration at her home” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Bayamon, Puerto Rico (vicinity). A pineapple canning factory” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Bayamon (vicinity), Puerto Rico. A pineapple canning factory” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Juan, Puerto Rico. In a dress factory” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Juan, Puerto Rico. In a needlework factory” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “In the Everglades needlework factory, San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Caguas, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Farmer's family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Farm laborer's family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Family living in the slum area, Yauco, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Caguas, Puerto Rico (vicinity). A borrower and his family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yauco, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Hill farms” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yabucoa, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Farm laborer” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. Tobacco farm laborer” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Comerio (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Farm landscape” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Manati, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Sugar fields” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Guanica, Puerto Rico (vicinity). A field of tobacco” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Corozal (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Plowing sugar cane field” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Girl carrying water in gasoline can. Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Little girl bathing on a street in a slum area in Yauco, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Girl carrying water; the gasoline can is one of the most valued utensils, especially in the hills. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Children's day at a P.R.R.A. (Puerto Rico Resettlement Administration) health center. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Anti-malarial injection in a P.R.R.A. (Puerto Rico Resettlement Administration) health center. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Class in maternal welfare. In a P.R.R.A. (Puerto Rico Resettlement Administration) health center. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Distribution of free medicine outside a P.R.R.A. (Puerto Rico Resettlement Administration) health center. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Eroded tobacco slope with Jibaro house. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Houses in slum area in Orocovis, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “House in slum area in Orocovis, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Lajas, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Coffee laborer's company house” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Manati, Puerto Rico. Federal housing project” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Federal housing project in Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yauco, Puerto Rico. Federal housing project on the outskirts of the town. About an acre of land for gardens is provided with each house” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Jibaro hurricane shelter. The rags are freshly-washed laundry drying. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Hurricane shelter near the house of a farm laborer” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Workers in a tobacco field. The straw shed in the background is a hurricane shelter. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Typical kitchen of Jibaro house. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Caguas, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Kitchen of farmer's home” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Washing laundry in river in the hill country. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Postcards for sale near the market. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. Produce for sale at the market” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Produce for sale at the market. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Maunabo, Puerto Rico. Religious procession” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Audience at a "rosario," a semi-religious ceremony used for "cures" among the Hibaros. Near Cidra, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Ensenada, Puerto Rico. Inside the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company mill” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Ensenada, Puerto Rico. Sugar mill or "central" of the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Ensenada, Puerto Rico. In the sugar mill of the South Puerto Rico sugar company” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “In the needlework cooperative. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “The home of the P.R.R.A (Puerto Rico Resettlement Administration) needlework cooperative. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Members of P.R.R.A. (Puerto Rico Resettlement Administration) needlework cooperative at work. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “A member of the P.R.R.A. (Puerto Rico Resettlement Project) needlework cooperative holding up a sample of work. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “East 143rd Street Station 013.jpg” — Kidfly182 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Bottle for Enovid 10 mg Oral Contraceptive - DPLA - 0cc9d42b69b6fd3d586205f5831cade0.jpg” — G.D. Searle & Co · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Building of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare 1a35456v.jpg” — Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “South Bronx residents at Lincoln Hospital during Young Lords Takeover.jpg” — Sheldon Ramsdell · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Dr Gregory Pincus (1939).jpg” — ACME · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Col. de Orbeta - Ponce Massacre (El Mundo).jpg” — The photographer was Angelo Lebron. The original uploader of the photo into Wikipedia was Sarason (talk) 08:02, 2 April · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Dr. Edris Roushan Rice-Wray M.D..jpg” — Henrylee Marlo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Helen Rodriguez-Trias.JPG” — National Center for Biotechnology Information · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Blanton Winship.jpg” — Harris & Ewing Collection (Library of Congress) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Arecibo, Puerto Rico. A row of station wagons or "publicos" waiting for loads and passengers” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Orocovis, Puerto Rico. The plaza” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Orocovis, Puerto Rico. Near the main plaza” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. The plaza and cathedral” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Ponce, Puerto Rico. Street in slum area” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Lares, Puerto Rico. Street scene” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Street in slum area known as "El Machuelitto," in Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Corozal, Puerto Rico (vicinity). The priest, the glee club and others who attended the tenant purchase celebration on a farm” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Priest baptizing children at the celebration for tenant purchase FSA (Farm Security Administration) borrowers on a farm near Corozal, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Priest conductiong religious service at the celebration for tenant purchase, FSA (Farm Security Administration) borrowers on a farm near Corozal, Puer” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. At the produce market” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Bayamon, Puerto Rico. Along a country road” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Manati (vicinity), Puerto Rico. On a road” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Milkman on a road” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Street scene. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Juan, Puerto Rico. Street scene” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Street scene in San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Insular police on a San Juan street. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “School room in rural school. Cidra, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Aibonito, Puerto Rico. Children at school” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Aibonito, Puerto Rico. Children outside a school” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Interior of workers shack. Porta de Tierra, San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Villa of the owner of a sugar plantation and refinery and sugar workers' shacks. Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Shacks built over tidal swamp in the workers' quarter of Porta de Tierra. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Corozal (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Palm leaf shack occupied by this old man and three of his children” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Lares, Puerto Rico. Slum street” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. Slum area” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Slum area in Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. In slum area” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico. In the slum area” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “In slum area in Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico. Children in the slum area” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yauco, Puerto Rico. Children in the slum areas” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Children in the slum area, Yauco, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Children in the slum area "Las Monjas" in Santurce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. General store” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Drug store in Yauco, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. A little corner store” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Ensenada, Puerto Rico. Carloads of sugar cane at the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Cutting sugar cane. Near Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yauco, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Harvesting sugar cane in a sugar cane field” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yabucoa, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Sugar cane lands” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Guanica, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Sugar cane fields” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. Cultivating tobacco” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Tobacco country” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Tobacco farms” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Arecibo, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Truck driver” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Ensenada, Puerto Rico. Weighing station for trucks at the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Puerto Real, Puerto Rico. Part of the extremely poor little fishing village on the southwest coast of Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Boys eating sugarcane in the small fishing village of Puerto Real, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Child of a fisherman in the small fishing village of Puerto Real, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Jibaro huts have no windows. When you want to look out you simply part the strands of the leafy wall. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Wife of resettler in her hurricane-proof house, doing needlework (homework for cash income). The furniture was locally built on local materials under ” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Jibaro woman in tobacco field. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Old woman in the slums of Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Juan, Puerto Rico. Woman in the needlework factory” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Woman living in the slum area in Yauco, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Workers' quarters, Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Jibaro tobacco worker with machete. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Jibaro tobacco worker. Near Cidra, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yabucoa, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Sugar worker's family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source

Episode 5 — Honor and Fidelity — The 65th Infantry in Korea

Sources

Archival image credits

  • “José Román — memorial” — Román family collection · Family photograph, used with permission ·
  • “José Román” — Román family collection · Family photograph, used with permission ·
  • “José Román” — Román family collection · Family photograph, used with permission ·
  • “José Román” — Román family collection · Family photograph, used with permission ·
  • “José Román” — Román family collection · Family photograph, used with permission ·
  • “Indian, British, New Zealand and Australian soldiers in Korea 1951.jpg” — Phillip Oliver Hobson · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. The church” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. Plaza and church” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. On the plaza in front of the church” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Caguas, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Farmer's family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Farm laborer's family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yabucoa, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Sugar worker's family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Family living in the slum area, Yauco, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Caguas, Puerto Rico (vicinity). A borrower and his family” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yauco, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Hill farms” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yabucoa, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Farm laborer” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. Tobacco farm laborer” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Comerio (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Farm landscape” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Tobacco farms” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Corozal, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Orchestra furnishing the music for the dancing at the tenant purchase celebration” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Guanica (vicinity), Puerto Rico. At about 9:30 in the morning, it is customary for the men in the sugar cane fields to have some coffee” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Guanica, Puerto Rico (vicinity). On a large plantation, sugar cane seed carried in this ox cart is dropped into the furrows to be planted by the men w” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Bayamon, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Men waiting at 5:30 in the morning to be taken to work at the Naval base. Most transportation is by bus and public ca” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Bayamon, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Men waiting at six o'clock in the morning between Bayamon and Caguas for truck to take them to work in the sugar cane” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Orocovis, Puerto Rico. The plaza” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Orocovis, Puerto Rico. Near the main plaza” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. The plaza and cathedral” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Juan, Puerto Rico. Stores around the plaza downtown” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Toy sellers in the municipal plaza. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Longshoreman. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Insular capitol. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Street scene. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Juan, Puerto Rico. Street scene” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Rooftops in San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “San Juan, Puerto Rico. A barber shop” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “School room in rural school. Cidra, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Aibonito, Puerto Rico. Children at school” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Aibonito, Puerto Rico. Children outside a school” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Children coming home from school, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico. Street in the tobacco town” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Lares, Puerto Rico. A street in the town” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Barranquitas (vicinity), Puerto Rico. Farmer going into town” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Utuado, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Street in the tobacco town” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Yauco, Puerto Rico. Slum area in the coffee town” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Workers' quarters, Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Jibaro tobacco worker with machete. Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Jibaro tobacco worker. Near Cidra, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Company housing for sugar workers. Ponce, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Child in workers' quarter of Puerto De Tierra. San Juan, Puerto Rico” — Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information · Public domain (US government work) · Library of Congress · source
  • “Corozal, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Puerto Rican soldiers who attended the tenant purchase celebration on a farm” — Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division · No known restrictions on publication (LOC) · source
  • “Guanica, Puerto Rico (vicinity). An ox cart load of sugar cane ready to go to the loading station in a sugar field” — Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division · No known restrictions on publication (LOC) · source
  • “Guanica, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Sugar-laden ox carts ready to go to the loading station to be weighed and shipped to the sugar mill” — Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division · No known restrictions on publication (LOC) · source
  • “140709-A-KD550-718 (14629242796).jpg” — U.S. Department of Defense Current Photos · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “U.S. Army Europe offers instructor training to Soldiers at CJTF-HOA, Djibouti 100128 (4347868393).jpg” — US Army Africa from Vicenza, Italy · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “US 65th Infantry Regiment.Painting.Korean War.Bayonet charge against Chinese division (cropped).jpg” — Dominic D'Andrea, commissioned by the National Guard Heritage Foundation · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Vigilant Guard 2012 121105-D-WH838-014.jpg” — Jennifer Archdekin · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “65 Inf Rgt COA.png” — US Army · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “65th Infantry Regiment memorial - Arlington National Cemetery - 2011.JPG” — Tim1965 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “65thInfantryCoin.png” — U.S. Mint · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Borinqueneers Open Doors to Peace and Security DVIDS216219.jpg” — Master Sgt. Ruby Zarzyczny · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Carlos Betances.JPG” — Someone at the 65th Infantry Regiment, U.S. Army · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Distinctive unit insignia of the 65th Infantry Regiment.png” — US Army · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Michlle Rodriguez at Camp Lemonnier 2010-01-31.jpg” — Staff Sgt. Ronald Lafosse, CJTF-HOA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Soldiers of 65th Infantry after an all day schedule of maneuvers at Salinas, Puerto Rico. August 1941..jpg” — Unknown Uploaded by Quazgaa at en.wikipedia · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “M20 75 mm recoilless rifle korean war.jpg” — Work of US Soldier · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “M46 tiger paint.png” — unknown US Army soldier or employee · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source

Episode 6 — Los 78 — Every Pueblo, Every Name

Sources

Archival image credits

  • All visuals in this episode are original animations — no archival images were used.

Episode 8 — El Grito de Lares — the one-day republic

Sources

Archival image credits

  • “Ramon Emeterio Betances.jpg” — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmoliver · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source
  • “Lola Rodriguez de Tio.jpg” — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Marine_69-71 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · source

Episode 9 — Los Macheteros — the Wells Fargo file

Sources

Image credits

  • FBI wanted-poster images of Víctor Gerena — U.S. government work · public domain.
  • Air National Guard A-7 aircraft and federal courthouses — U.S. government photographs · public domain.
  • Period news photographs of the 1981 Muñiz attack, the 1985 FBI arrests and West Hartford — credited on screen to the originating agency; cropped and graded only.
  • Present-day Naguabo, Sabana Seca, Isla Verde and Hormigueros, and the maps — original visuals made for the episode.

Episode 10 — We Were in Añasco the Morning the Towers Fell

Sources

Image credits

  • The towers, the Pentagon and the Flight 93 field — U.S. government photographs are public domain; news-agency photographs are credited on screen; cropped and graded only.
  • FDNY and first-responder photographs — credited on screen to FDNY / City of New York or the originating agency.
  • Muñiz Air National Guard Base and the C-130 — U.S. Air National Guard photographs · public domain.
  • Añasco — original visuals made for the episode.

Episode 11 — Crash Boat / Playuela — Aguadilla

Sources

Image credits

  • Ramey AFB and its B-29, B-36 and B-52 aircraft — U.S. Air Force photographs · public domain.
  • Historic crash-boat and dock photographs — U.S. Air Force and local collections; credited on screen where a named archive is used.
  • Present-day Crash Boat, the villa pesquera, the yolas and the Punta Borinquen lighthouse — original visuals made for the episode.

Episode 12 — Tres problemas — luz, agua y gente

Sources

Image credits

  • Hurricane María and Fiona damage — FEMA, NWS and Puerto Rico National Guard photographs · public domain where federal.
  • Night streets, substations, downed lines, plant exteriors, dry reservoirs, water tankers, departures, empty classrooms and coastal flooding — original visuals made for the episode.
  • Casa Pueblo’s solar plaza in Adjuntas — shown as a public landmark, not an endorsement.
  • Chapter cards (LA LUZ · EL AGUA · LA GENTE), number plates and the thumbnail — original motion graphics.

Image licenses are Public Domain (PD), CC BY, or CC BY-SA as noted. Images are used unmodified except for cropping, color balance, and orientation correction for video. Later episodes also use news photographs credited on screen and original visuals and motion graphics made for the episode; each episode’s image credits say which.